ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง

4.6 / 5

ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ 802 ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช

ื—ืคืฉ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง
ืžืื™ืคื” ืœืืกื•ืฃ
ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืื—ืจ
ื‘ื—ืจ ืชืืจื™ืš
ืชืืจื™ืš ื—ื–ืจื”
ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืื—ืจ
ืžื˜ื‘ืข:

ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง ืจื›ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” - ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช

ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง

ย ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง.
ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื•ื›ื– ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื•ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ืืฆืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืฆื™ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืงย ืžืฆื™ื’ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื•ื’ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจืšย ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืš ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง.ื›ืš ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง. ื‘ืชื•ืš ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžย 3 ื“ืงื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื–ืžื ืชืš ื‘ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง ื•ื–ืืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชื’ืœื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘.

ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง: ืžื‘ื•ื ืงืฆืจ

ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื˜ืจืกื˜ืŸ, ืจื•ืกื™ื”. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื”, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืงืื–ืืŸ. ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง ื”ื™ื ืžืจื›ื– ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-250,000 ืื™ืฉ. ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื”ื ืคื˜, ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื•.

ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง

ื‘ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง ื™ืฉ ืืงืœื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืœื—, ืขื ืงื™ืฅ ื—ืžื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืงืจ. ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ 19ยฐC (66ยฐF) ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืœ-8ยฐC (18ยฐF). ื”ืขื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื›ืžื•ืช ืœื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื™ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื•ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜.

ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง

ืœื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ. ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง, ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง ื•ื”ืงืจืžืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืื–ืืŸ. ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื’ื ื›ืžื” ืคืืจืงื™ื ื•ื’ื ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง ื•ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง.

ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง

ื‘ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง ื™ืฉ ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื. ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืกื™ื•ืจื™ื, ืงื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืคืืจืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”, ื›ืžื• ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื’'ืื– ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง.

ืื™ืคื” ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง

ืœื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื ื” ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ื, ืžืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืืชืจื™ ื ื•ืคืฉ ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืืจื—ื” ื•ื”ื•ืกื˜ืœื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื” ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื• ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง

ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœื ื™ื–'ื ืงืžืกืง ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืฉืืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ืก-ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจื™ืช. ืœืขื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฉื“ื” ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ืžืฆื™ืข ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ืœืขืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื•ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขื™ืจ, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื•ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื”ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ืงืœื” ื•ื ื•ื—ื” ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ.

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“

ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง

ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง:

    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    7.2 (1516)
    ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžื—ื™ืจ $ 7 /ื™ึฐื•ึนื
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    • 4
    7.1 (1928)
    ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžื—ื™ืจ $ 67 /ื™ึฐื•ึนื

ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง

๏ปฟืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื‘- ื ื™ื–\'ื ืงืžืกืง